Glossary
A1C
A blood test that measures average blood glucose over the past 2 to 3 months.
A blood test that measures average blood glucose over the past 2 to 3 months.
Glossary
Adult-Onset Diabetes
Outdated term for type 2 diabetes.
Outdated term for type 2 diabetes.
Glossary
Alpha Cells
A type of cell in the pancreas that makes and releases a hormone called glucagon.
A type of cell in the pancreas that makes and releases a hormone called glucagon.
Glossary
Beta Cells
Cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
Cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
Glossary
Blood Glucose
The main sugar found in the blood and the body's main source of energy. Also called blood sugar.
The main sugar found in the blood and the body's main source of energy. Also called blood sugar.
Glossary
Blood Glucose Level
The amount of glucose (sugar) in a given amount of blood. It is reported as the number of milligrams of glucose in a deciliter of blood, or mg/dL.
The amount of glucose (sugar) in a given amount of blood. It is reported as the number of milligrams of glucose in a deciliter of blood, or mg/dL.
Glossary
Blood Glucose Meter
A hand-held machine that tests blood glucose levels. A drop of blood, obtained by pricking a finger, is placed on a small strip that is inserted in the meter which measures and displays the blood glucose level.
A hand-held machine that tests blood glucose levels. A drop of blood, obtained by pricking a finger, is placed on a small strip that is inserted in the meter which measures and displays the blood glucose level.
Glossary
Blood Glucose Monitoring
Checking blood glucose (blood sugar) levels on a regular basis in order to manage diabetes. A blood glucose meter is needed for frequent blood glucose monitoring.
Checking blood glucose (blood sugar) levels on a regular basis in order to manage diabetes. A blood glucose meter is needed for frequent blood glucose monitoring.
Glossary
Carbohydrate
One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide carbohydrate include starches, breads, vegetables, fruits, milk products, and sugars.
One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide carbohydrate include starches, breads, vegetables, fruits, milk products, and sugars.
Glossary
Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE)
A healthcare professional with expertise in diabetes education who has met eligibility requirements and successfully completed a certification exam.
A healthcare professional with expertise in diabetes education who has met eligibility requirements and successfully completed a certification exam.
Glossary
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
An emergency condition in which extremely high blood glucose levels, along with a severe lack of insulin, result in the breakdown of body fat for energy and an accumulation of ketones in the blood and urine. DKA can cause nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, fruity breath odor, and rapid breathing. Untreated DKA can lead to coma and death.
An emergency condition in which extremely high blood glucose levels, along with a severe lack of insulin, result in the breakdown of body fat for energy and an accumulation of ketones in the blood and urine. DKA can cause nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, fruity breath odor, and rapid breathing. Untreated DKA can lead to coma and death.
Glossary
Dose
The amount of a medicine to be taken within a given period.
The amount of a medicine to be taken within a given period.
Glossary
Fat
One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide fat include butter, margarine, salad dressing, oil, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, and some dairy products. Excess calories are stored as body fat, providing the body with a reserve supply of energy.
One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide fat include butter, margarine, salad dressing, oil, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, and some dairy products. Excess calories are stored as body fat, providing the body with a reserve supply of energy.
Glossary
Fixed Dose
A specific, unchanging amount of a medicine.
A specific, unchanging amount of a medicine.
Glossary
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas. Glucagon raises blood glucose by releasing glucose from liver. Glucagon is also available as an injectable drug for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia (low blood glucose).
A hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas. Glucagon raises blood glucose by releasing glucose from liver. Glucagon is also available as an injectable drug for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia (low blood glucose).
Glossary
Glucose
The sugar that the body makes from the three elements of food — proteins, fats, and carbohydrates — but mostly from carbohydrates. Glucose is the major source of energy for living cells. Because glucose is carried to each cell through the bloodstream, it is often called "blood glucose" or "blood sugar."
The sugar that the body makes from the three elements of food — proteins, fats, and carbohydrates — but mostly from carbohydrates. Glucose is the major source of energy for living cells. Because glucose is carried to each cell through the bloodstream, it is often called "blood glucose" or "blood sugar."
Glossary
Hyperglycemia
Also called high blood glucose. Hyperglycemia can happen when the body does not have enough insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly. Symptoms may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, blurred vision, and fatigue.
Also called high blood glucose. Hyperglycemia can happen when the body does not have enough insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly. Symptoms may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, blurred vision, and fatigue.
Glossary
Hypoglycemia
Also called low blood glucose. Symptoms may include sweating, trembling, hunger, dizziness, moodiness, confusion, and blurred vision.
Also called low blood glucose. Symptoms may include sweating, trembling, hunger, dizziness, moodiness, confusion, and blurred vision.
Glossary
Incretin Mimetic
A class of type 2 diabetes drugs that "mimic" the effects of naturally occurring hormones from the intestines and can help the body make more of its own insulin.
A class of type 2 diabetes drugs that "mimic" the effects of naturally occurring hormones from the intestines and can help the body make more of its own insulin.
Glossary
Insulin
A hormone produced in the pancreas by beta cells, which is necessary for glucose (blood sugar) to be able to enter certain cells of the body and be used for energy.
A hormone produced in the pancreas by beta cells, which is necessary for glucose (blood sugar) to be able to enter certain cells of the body and be used for energy.
Glossary
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
Outdated term for type 1 diabetes.
Outdated term for type 1 diabetes.
Glossary
Insulin Resistance
The body's inability to respond to and use the insulin it produces. Insulin resistance may be linked to obesity, hypertension, and high levels of fat in the blood.
The body's inability to respond to and use the insulin it produces. Insulin resistance may be linked to obesity, hypertension, and high levels of fat in the blood.
Glossary
Ketones
Chemical substances that are made by the body when fat is used as a fuel source instead of glucose. When ketones build up to a great extent in the body, serious illness or coma can result.
Chemical substances that are made by the body when fat is used as a fuel source instead of glucose. When ketones build up to a great extent in the body, serious illness or coma can result.
Glossary
Liver
A large organ in the body that has many functions, including the production and storage of glucose.
A large organ in the body that has many functions, including the production and storage of glucose.
Glossary
Non-Insulin–Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
Outdated term for type 2 diabetes.
Outdated term for type 2 diabetes.
Glossary
Metformin
The generic name for an oral anti-diabetic medicine (brand name: Glucophage®) that works by decreasing the amount of glucose that your liver makes on its own. It also works by making the cells in your body more sensitive to the insulin in your body.
The generic name for an oral anti-diabetic medicine (brand name: Glucophage®) that works by decreasing the amount of glucose that your liver makes on its own. It also works by making the cells in your body more sensitive to the insulin in your body.
Glossary
Pancreas
An organ located behind the lower part of the stomach that produces the hormones insulin and glucagon, and releases them into the bloodstream to help control blood glucose levels. The pancreas also produces digestive enzymes.
An organ located behind the lower part of the stomach that produces the hormones insulin and glucagon, and releases them into the bloodstream to help control blood glucose levels. The pancreas also produces digestive enzymes.
Glossary
Protein
One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide protein include meat, poultry, fish, cheese, milk, dairy products, eggs, and dried beans. Proteins are also used in the body to build cells, to create insulin and other hormones, and other functions.
One of the three main nutrients in food. Foods that provide protein include meat, poultry, fish, cheese, milk, dairy products, eggs, and dried beans. Proteins are also used in the body to build cells, to create insulin and other hormones, and other functions.
Glossary
Sharps Container
A container for disposal of used needles and syringes; often made of hard plastic so that needles cannot poke through.
A container for disposal of used needles and syringes; often made of hard plastic so that needles cannot poke through.
Glossary
Sulfonylurea
A class of oral medicine for type 2 diabetes that lowers blood glucose by helping the pancreas to make more insulin. Examples include Amaryl® (glimepiride), Glucotrol® (glipizide), and Micronase® (glyburide).
A class of oral medicine for type 2 diabetes that lowers blood glucose by helping the pancreas to make more insulin. Examples include Amaryl® (glimepiride), Glucotrol® (glipizide), and Micronase® (glyburide).
Glossary
Thiazolidinedione
A class of oral medicine for type 2 diabetes that helps lower blood glucose by making cells more sensitive to insulin. Examples include Actos® (pioglitazone) and Avandia® (rosiglitazone).
A class of oral medicine for type 2 diabetes that helps lower blood glucose by making cells more sensitive to insulin. Examples include Actos® (pioglitazone) and Avandia® (rosiglitazone).
Glossary
Type 1 Diabetes
A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by a lack of insulin production. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes develops most often in young people but can appear in adults and affects 10% of people living with diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to sustain life.
A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by a lack of insulin production. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes develops most often in young people but can appear in adults and affects 10% of people living with diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to sustain life.
Glossary
Type 2 Diabetes
A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either a lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently. Type 2 diabetes develops most often in middle-aged and older adults but can appear in young people, and is the most common form of diabetes.
A condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either a lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently. Type 2 diabetes develops most often in middle-aged and older adults but can appear in young people, and is the most common form of diabetes.
Learn About Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not make enough insulin or can no longer use insulin the right way. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life.
What happens when you eat?
After you eat, food is broken down by the body into building blocks. One of these building blocks is glucose (sugar), which is the main source of energy for the body. Glucose is carried to the rest of the body through the bloodstream. This is why it is called blood glucose. Only the glucose that gets inside the body's cells with help from insulin can be turned into energy.
When you eat food, your body releases "Helper Hormones." BYETTA acts a lot like these "Helper Hormones."
| "Helper Hormones" work in four main ways: | |
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Your body makes hormones that help the pancreas make enough insulin. "Helper Hormones" are released into the bloodstream when you eat food. These hormones send signals to the pancreas to make enough insulin. |
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"Helper Hormones" help control the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by limiting how much glucose is made in the liver. The glucose from the liver is an important source of energy for the body between meals. |
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"Helper Hormones" also play a role in regulating how much food you want to eat. |
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"Helper Hormones" also work with glucose another way. When they are released during eating, they regulate the flow of food and glucose from the stomach to the intestines. Glucose is absorbed from the intestines into the bloodstream. |
To learn about type 2 diabetes, click here.
